In class, we began talking about genetics and a very significant figure in the study of genetics: Mendel. He is most known for his studies and work with the traits/phenotypes of pea plants.
He was one of the first to discover the difference and presence of dominant genes vs. recessive genes. From these patterns and observations, he was able to predict the specific traits each of the offspring in various generations would contain.
We used to rest of class solving problems regarding genotypes and phenotypes. Genotypes has to do with the specific genes an organism contains, whereas phenotype refers to the physical traits that are visible. So even though a certain animal might show a dominant trait phenotypically, his genotype may be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous. To solve these types of problems and discover the various possibilities in offspring, we use punnett squares.
In Mendel's case with the peas, we could use the following punnett squares to predict phenotypes and genotypes based off the pea parents:
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